Balancing Inflation and Growth Part 11 of 13

One would like to think that as the economy slows, inflationary pressures will do likewise. But we cannot always be sure they will, given the globalized commodities trading system nature of the U.S. economy. Demand-pull pressures abroad have an increasingly potent influence on our domestic economy. Traditionally, a central bank would expect slack to develop as the economy under its jurisdiction weakened, leading to less demand for most inputs and an easing of price pressures. We no longer operate in a traditional economy. Domestic inflation developments have become increasingly less sensitive to domestic measures of slack. In an open, globalized economy, capacity utilization and inflation pressures need to be measured, or at a minimum, understood in their global context.

You cannot think in a purely domestic context about the pricing of oil or steel or soybeans or pulp or shoes or clothing or even what I consider to be one of lifes essentials, beer, because innovations in transportation and communications technology have all but eliminated national borders for almost any product for which trade barriers were negotiated away during the 1980s and 90s. More commodity training books vexing for economists and econometric modelers, the information technology revolution and the spread of the Internet have blurred the once-clear distinction between easy-to-trade goods and difficult-to-trade services.

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Balancing Inflation and Growth Part 1 of 13

It is an honor to speak here in London to the Society of Business Economists at the suggestion of my much-admired friend, Charlie Bean at the Bank of England. Charlie is on the advisory board of the Dallas Feds Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute, and we are most grateful for his platform trading insight and, not unimportantly, his wit.

I am on my way to a conference in Paris to learn commodity trading, where I have been invited by the Banque de France to comment on a paper by another of our institutes esteemed advisors, Harvard professor Ken Rogoff. I hope my French hosts will forgive me for bringing up my favorite of all of Shakespeares histories this evening, Henry V, as I recall one of the more pleasant moments during my tenure on the Federal Open Market Committee. During our last meeting with Alan Greenspan as chairman, some of us took advantage of the moment to ham it up and work a farewell salute into our otherwise somber interventions. I chose to adapt Henrys speech to the troops at Agincourt. Affecting my best Kenneth Branagh imitation, I mangled the words of the Bard: We few, we happy few, we band of bankers, and so on, concluding with the observation that other economists now abedit was morning when we metshall think themselves accursed they were not here, and hold their policy prescriptions cheap while any speaks that served in Alan Greenspans days.

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